Time: 16:30 - 17:00

Title: It takes time and methods to understand Nature: Black Holes all over the Universe
Speaker: Remo Ruffini (ICRA/ICRANet)
The cognitive process starts from observations further localized within a sequence of complex cognitive processes. This has been the case of the Crab Nebula observed rigorously by the Chinese astronomers in the Beijing imperial palace and the 1967 observations of the Crab pulsar observed by Tony Hewish with radio telescopes. From these data further localized within the complex cognitive system developed around the introduction of the concept of a black hole in Princeton by Remo Ruffini and John Archibald Wheeler has further evolved through the discovery of a black hole in Cygnus X-1 using the UHURU satellite by Riccardo Giacconi, which in turn led to the sequence of the Beppo SAX, the Fermi and Fermi LAT, the SWIFT telescopes and ground-based telescopes, finally reaching the understanding of GRB 220101 and the discovery of the smallest known black holes of 2.35 solar masses and the associated pulsar, reproducing the processes and understanding their conceptual basis which did characterize the Crab remnant process and the associated pulsar.
A similar process was triggered by the observations of Martin Schmidt of the quasar 3C273. Also in this case, further localized in a sequence of complex cognitive processes, it has been again following the introduction of the black hole in Princeton that a fifty-year cognitive process started scrutinizing with the VLT Veritas telescope our galactic center by Gherard Genzel and collaborators, and the galactic flat rotation curves of galaxies reached the evidence of a dark matter black hole in Sagittarius A of 4.2×10⁶ solar masses. The discovery by the James Webb Telescope of the Red Dots has changed profoundly our understanding of the Universe: the discovery of the red dots, black holes of 10⁶ solar masses in the earliest phase of the Universe. Precisely accretion of baryonic matter on these red dots can lead to quasars with black holes of 10⁹ solar masses. In turn, the fading of these quasars can lead in their late phases to the largest possibly black holes in M87, the largest yet measured mass of a black hole of more than 10⁹ solar masses, a slowly dying quasar!

Time: 17:00 - 17:30

Title: Little Red Dots Are Black Holes Left Home
Speaker: Yu Wang (ICRA / ICRANet)
We present a gravitational-wave recoil model that provides a natural explanation for the origin of Little Red Dots (LRDs) discovered by JWST. Following black hole mergers in the early Universe, gravitational-wave recoil displaces massive black holes from their host galaxies, leaving them nearly naked while retaining compact gas reservoirs. As their velocities relative to the surrounding gas decrease, efficient Bondi-Hoyle-Lyttleton accretion produces compact, luminous sources with bolometric luminosities of 10^42–10^45 erg/s, consistent with the observed LRD population. Our model also reproduces their observed number density. We further validate this scenario through large-scale cosmological simulations of more than 30,000 recoiling black holes, tracking their trajectories and luminosity evolution, which agree with our theoretical predictions. Independently, our analysis of JWST observations identifies the candidates of parent galaxies of LRDs, providing direct observational support for the predicted spatial offsets. Together, our theoretical, numerical, and observational results strongly support gravitational-wave recoil as the physical origin of LRDs. To date, no inconsistent observation has been reported.